One Of The First Dystopian Novels To Become Famous Was

One of the first dystopian novels to become famous was 1984. The concept of dystopian novels is not only to entertain readers, but to let them understand the characteristics and ideas of a dystopian society. Some of these characteristics are shown through our society but at a more drastic level. Basic fears are exaggerated such as the following: distrust of others, disease, contaminated water, nuclear holocaust, etc. The reader can gain more knowledge by finding ways in which the topics the author writes about is relevant to our society today. Young adult dystopian literature is mostly in an adolescent’s perspective. For example, the Giver was one of the first dystopian novels written in a teenager point of view. Now, most all dystopian†¦show more content†¦This is stating that the Governments goal is to erase our past and lead us away from our creator. The reason God created us was to love him and to serve him. The Government doesn’t want that kind of power b eing given away to someone other than themselves. This is why their goal is to keep any kind of hope out of people’s lives which in most cases the only hope people rely on is God. â€Å"The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power.† (1984 263) â€Å"Incomprehension, indeed, is one of the novel’s themes. People are kept unaware of old age, strong feeling, death; they flee anything unpleasant into the drug soma. Underlying all this unawareness is deliberately-fostered unawareness of God.† In the Giver and 1984, death was not called death. There was no such thing as death. For example, in the Giver, instead of being killed as a baby, they called it â€Å"being released†. It was a memory that has, ironically speaking, passed away. Also, in 1984, you were â€Å"vaporized† from the world. They claimed that you were erased form history and no one would ever know you existed. In comprehension is an important theme in the novels the Giver and 1984. It shows how a huge part was taken away from the society and the damage it has done. Lowry wants us to experience a world withoutShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dystopian Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesmay peek interest. The dystopian genre is unique and offers readers both suspense and action with a balance between reality and fantasy. â€Å"Dystopian literature is a genre of fictional writing used to explore social and political structures in ‘a dark, nightmare world† (Questia par 1). In order to form this nightmare world, the author must send a message of warning to readers regardi ng the reality of their characters, often manipulating literary devices to do so. The dystopian atmosphere is composedRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls into the same dystopian genre as other great works such as Fahrenheit 451Read MoreOrwell s Animal Farm As A Critique Of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation And How Tyranny Operates1475 Words   |  6 PagesDystopian Fiction and Marxist Connection: George Orwell’s Animal Farm as a critique of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation and How Tyranny Operates Literature is said to be the mirror of a society and one of the major functions of it has been to make people aware of their surroundings as well as themselves. While many writers of today might digress from the true purpose of writing, the classics have always held a special place in what may be called as the awakening of the individuals. In this contextRead MoreRay Bradbury s Writing Is Loved By Many, And Read By Students And Teachers Across The Globe1426 Words   |  6 Pagesknow in the world today. Famous for his science fiction novels and short stories Ray Bradbury’s writing is loved by many, and read by students and teachers across the globe. Ray Bradbury was an american author. Born on august twenty second of nineteen twenty bradbury lived through many of the most important events in modern history. Bradbury recently died on the date of june fifth of two thousand twelve leaving behind his best literature. Though Bradbury wrote many famous pieces of literature including Read MoreGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four1651 Words   |  7 PagesPreface I was learning about different types of governments in World Geography class and I was particularly interested with this topic. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four perfectly fits my interest since it’s about governments and propagandas. As a result, I chose my research question to be: â€Å"How and why does the Party use propaganda? How does this compare to some of the modern propagandas used across the world during not only World War II but during current times as well?†. The novel Nineteen Eighty-FourRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By George Orwell962 Words   |  4 PagesBoth George Orwell s novel 1984 and Eric Blair’s novel Fahrenheit 451 depict a dystopian society. This was a popular theme of the era since it was a time where the world was at war with a society that wanted complete control of the planet. That society being the totalitarian state of Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan. The settings that occur in both books depict that of what people could have experienced in the time period these books were published, something that readers for decades could relate toRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And Anthem Analysis1273 Words   |  6 Pagesperson cope with oppression? In the novels Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem, the characters face the tyranny of their governments. Corrupt leadership becomes an obstacle that the protagonists of both novels must overcome. The frightening communities in the books help to demonstrate the effects of restricting free-thinking. In Fa hrenheit 451 and Anthem, the authors Ray Bradbury and Ayn Rand focus on dystopian societies to prove that human nature always prevails. Both novels provide vivid examples of sacrificeRead MoreEssay On Ray Bradbury1154 Words   |  5 Pagesis. He is an author who wrote many good books such as Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles, The Illustrated Man, and The October Country. I have read his book Fahrenheit 451 and it was a spectacular piece of art. In this paper you will learn more about this legendary author named Ray Bradbury. Ray bradbury was born August 22nd, 1920 in Waukegan Illinois. He died June 5th, 2012 in Los Angeles California at the age of 91. His parents were Leonard Spaulding Bradbury and Esther Moberg BradburyRead MoreOryx And Crake And Political Practices911 Words   |  4 PagesOryx and Crake and Political Practices The dystopian future depicted in the novel Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood is one that is composed of a multitude of premises that are capable of being applied in fields other than strictly literary ones. One such field that this work can apply to is that of politics, and more specifically political theory. Atwood’s dystopian world is one that many political philosophers would compare to premises set forth by Thomas Hobbes, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli, Aristotle,Read MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a pig walking on his hind legs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also the author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the r eader to get more out of this glance

Immunology Free Essays

Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY COURSE †¢ Subject Agenda* Theoretical part (Lecture): 14. 01—-18. 03—-22. We will write a custom essay sample on Immunology or any similar topic only for you Order Now 04. 2013 Practical part (Labwork) †¢ Study Materials: Textbook (David Male and Ivan Roitt-2006-DIR; Abul Abbas-2007AA), Clips and Internet search †¢ Classconversation@gmail. com. Pass: btiu12345 †¢ Evaluation – Midterm Exam, Final Exam, Labwork – Assignment (Home-work, Topic-oriented-In-class discussion, Readand-Present Practice) Contact me at: R501, IU Building; or via email: ntthoai@hcmiu. edu. vn NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? †¢ History of Immunology †¢ Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? †¢ Immune Response- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? Immunology is the study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. Foreign macromolecule/ Antigen –— Immunogen: e. g. virus protein, worm, parasite Everything that should not be in my body Immune System: Molecules, cells, tissues and organs which provide nonspecific and specific protection against Microorganisms; Microbial toxins and Tumor cells Crucial to human survival NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 History of Immunology †¢ Experiential Immunology period †¢ Experimental Immunology period †¢ Modern Immunology period Immunology act as an independent subject (1970s) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 I. Experiential Immunology period (the 17th century- the middle of 19th century) In ancient times, many serious infection diseases, such as smallpox, plague and cholera etc, caused innumerable people dead. Plague !!! — Black Death Disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Story of Plague port of Weymouth. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350, and killing between 75 million and 200 million people Wikipedia Yersinia pestis NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Figure 1. Photomicrographs demonstrating the high bacterial burden of Y pestis in various organs. Top left, A: Tissue Gram stain of a lymph node reveals the profusion of neutrophils and large clumps of Gram-negative coccobacilli characteristic of Y pestis (Brown-Hopps, original ? 00). Large clusters of bacteria (arrows) are found in the alveolar spaces (top right, B), adrenals (bottom left, C), and kidneys (bottom right, D) [hematoxylin-eosin, original ? 400]. Chmura et al. 2003, CHEST, Painful Lymphadenopathy and Fulminant Sepsis in a Previously Healthy 16-Year-Old Girl NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 ~ 430 B. C: Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes plague – the ones who had recovered from the disease could nurse the sick without getting the disease a second time NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 In 1670, Chinese medical practitioners : variolation Edward Jennar —-An English physician He discovered that cowpox vaccination protected against smallpox in 1796 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Vaccine- Vaccination Vaccine: A preparation of microbial antigen, often combined with adjuvants,that is administered to individuals to induce protective immunity against microbial infections. Vaccination: A general term for immunization against infectious diseases,orginally derived from immunization against smallpox which uses the Vaccinia virus. NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Why do they not want to play with my kids? NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 II. Experimental Immunology period (the middle of 19th century-the middle of 20th century) 1. Active immunity In the middle of 19th century R. Koch —-Isolated and cultured bacteria successfully Pasteur —-Infectious diseases were caused by pathogens In 1880, Pasteur —-Anti-cholera live-attenuated vaccine (old culture of Chicken V. cholera) —-Artificial active immunity Robert Koch Active immunity: The form of adaptive immunity that is induced by exposure to a foreign antigen and in which the immunized individual plays an active role in responding to the antigen. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 . Passive immunity In the late eighties of 19th century Roux and Yersin: Diphtheria was caused by exotoxin produced by C. diphtheriae The discovery of diphtheriae antitoxin and bactericindins Antitoxin—-Antibody (Ab); Exotoxin—-Antigen (Ag) Study on reaction of Ag and Ab in vitro —-Serology In 1890,Von Behring and Kitasato —-dipht heriae antitoxin was applied in treatment of Diphtheria —- Artificial passive immunity Passive immunity: The form of immunity to an antigen that is established in one individual by transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from another individual who is immune to that antigen. NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 3. Mechanism of protective immunity Cell mediated immunity(CMI) —–1883-1884, Metchnikoff: Microorganisms were engulfed and destroyed by phagocytic cells Humoral immunity(HI) —-1897,Ehrlich: Ab in serum played important roles in protective immunity Both HI and CMI were very important for protective immunity, Ab in serum could promote the phagocytosis of phagocytic cells —- 1903, Wright Douglas 4. Study on immune-pathology immune disease In 1902, Richet and Portier—-Anaphylaxis Pirquet and Shick—-Hypersensitivity In 1903, Arthus—-Arthus phenomenon In 1906, Pirquet —- Allergy In 1907, Donath and Landsteiner —-Autoantibody cause autoimmune disease NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 5. Study on antigen In the early of 20th century, Landsteiner studied on antigenic determinant (epitope) —-ABO blood type 6. Study on immunochemistry In 1938,Tiselius and Kabat —-Ab is ? globulin In the fifties of 20th century, Porter and Edelmen, —-Molecular structure of Ab: 4 peptides 7. Study on immune tolerance: No positive response to specific Ag In 1945, Oven found natural immune tolerance In 1953, Medawar set up animal model of acquired immune tolerance in newborn period. . Hypothesis for Ab formation Templates postulate (1930,Breinl and Haurowitz) Variable folding postulate (1940,Pauling) Natural selection postulate (1955,Jerne) Clonal selection theory (1959, Burnet):- Clone: a group cells that stem from identical cell NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 III. Modern Immunology period (the middle of 20th century-the 21th century) 1. Study on immune system In 1957, Glick Fabricius found out that Chicken without bursa can not produce Ab —-B cell In 1961,Good and Miller —- Cell mediated immune of new born mice whose thymus were taken away are defective —-T cell 2. Study on monoclonal antibody —-In 1975, Kohler and Milstein 3. Study on immune genetics —-In 1978, genetic control of antibody diversity —-Discovery of accurate mechanism of immune response on gene level (MHC, TCR , BCR) 4. Study on molecular mechanism of T/B lymphocyte activation and signal transduction 5. Study on effective mechanism of immune cells NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 6. Study on clinical immunology Organ transplantation; Autoimmune disease; Tumor immunology; Infectious diseases 7. Study on applied immunology Preparation of monoclonal antibody and genetic engineering antibody; Preparation of recombinant cytokines; Study on DNA vaccine; Study on treatment with immune cells 8. New techniques of modern immunology and application Separation of immune cells; Protein analysis technique; Phage display technique; Preparation of new animal model NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The immune system Immune system Innate (non-specific) immunity Adaptive (specific) immunity Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes) †¢Physological barriers (temperature, pH) †¢Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders) †¢Inflammatory barriers (redness, swelling, heat and pain) †¢Antigen specificity †¢Diversity †¢Immunological memory †¢Self/nonself recognition NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Our immune systems generate an almost infinite variety of cells and substances Foreign Recognition Memory Upon 2 ° exposure produces enhanced re sponse Effector Response To eliminate or neutralize particle *In some cases, the IR fails to function; at other times, the IR can turn on its host NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular) NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 B cells Surface bound antibody Antibody secreting B cell Antigen B-cell Soluble antibodies, circculate in the body NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Antibody secreting B cell B-cell Virus killed NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Discussion Topics 1. Why do warm-blooded, long-lived animals require particularly complex immune defense? – p4-DIR 2. Why would removal of Ag lead to the decline in an immune response? – p14-DIR And many more to explore in the DIR textbook Home works P18-DIR NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 The real ones Crawling Macrophage Neutrophil and DCs NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY- An X soup †¢ What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? †¢ History of Immunology †¢ Cells and Soluble Mediators of IS= ? †¢ Immune Respone- Pathogens (Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration Read DIR-page 1-18 NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Once upon a time†¦ There was a WARGAMES OF THRONES- MATTER OF â€Å"LIVE OR DIE† HAS IT ALREADY ENDED? NO, IT IS JUST A BEGINNING†¦ NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 How to cite Immunology, Papers

Impact Of Workplace Factors On The Mental Health Of Nurses- Sample

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of Workplace Factors On The Mental Health Of Nurses. Answer: Introduction: Nursing is one of the most noble and respectable profession, a nursing professional helps individuals that are dealing with some form of ailments by caring for them and supporting them throughout their journey to recovery. Hence, it is a professional that is heavily emotionally demanding and causes a lot more occupational stress (Greenglass, Burke Moore, 2003). Although the negative impact of the stress affects the professional competency and wellbeing of the nurses at large. And in a profession where nurses are required to think on their feet to be able to handle any kind of situation, not having a sound mental health can be extremely detrimental. There are a lot of workplace factors that negatively impact the mental health of the nurses, one of the pioneer factors are workload, fatigue, bullying, workplace aggression and organizational bias (Greenglass, Burke Moore, 2003). All of these factors impact the mental health of the nurses significantly and generates stress disorders that destroy the professional competence and engagement of the nurses to the work that they do. This assignment will discuss in detail the impact of three key workplace factors, workload, fatigue and bullying, on the mental health of nurses and what strategies can be implemented to combat these factors. Workload: Nursing is a type of profession that just not demands a professional to be physically absolutely engaged at the task at hand but it requires the individual to be emotionally invested as well. In this situation where the nurses already carry a huge burden, excessive workload can be the breaking point for many (Ayling, 2006). Excessive workload and the resultant burnout, is considered to be the biggest contributing factor to deteriorating mental balance of the nurses and is also known to destroy the competence and organizational engagement of the nurses. Workload can be defined as the chronic imbalance between the daily job responsibilities of an individual and the professional capabilities coupled with the resources provided to nurses by the organization. There are a lot of factors that leads to excessive workload in the nursing workforce; one of the major reasons is the inadequate nurse staffing which clashes alarmingly with the health care demands of different regions, other than that excessive influx of patients, inadequate number of facilities and increased demands can also lead to excessive workload (Barton, 2009) The health care industries rarely meet the safe-staffing requirements of the Nursing and Midwifery Federation, and the as a result the staffs are unethically and unjustifiably swamped with extra workload which inevitably results in extreme burnout. It has to be understood that increased workload would be translated to caring for more patients than a single nurse can handle in the nursing workforce, which will inevitab ly lower the time and attention spent on each patient. This will eventually lower the care standards and patient satisfaction, which will be dealt by the nursing staff only and pile up the mounting stress that they already are under (Barton, 2009). All these interlinked variables associated with excessive workload impact the mental health of the nurses diversely. For instance the burnout leads to extreme exhaustion, irritability and anger in the nursing staff which is reflected in their professional approaches. This distress mounts until it paves way for incompetence and inability in the nursing staff eventually leading to depression and extreme lack of self worth in the nurses. The depression and extreme sensitivity it brings forth can also lead to nervous breakdowns as well, as it happened in Australia in 2002. Empirical research states that in the year of 2003, Melanie Garrod, an Australian nurse relapsed to depressive illnesses due to the excessive workload she had been forced to deal with (Greenglass Burke, 2016). She had been dealing with both her and her colleagues workload and the resultant burnout had her sacked for medical incompetency. This is not the only example; there are countless such examples of nursing staff being pushed from the precipice by the immense workload and the situation is deteriorating every day (Ayling, 2006). Fatigue: Fatigue is a workplace factor intricately linked to the workload and results in compromising the sanity and competence of the nursing staff and leads to compromised and unsafe patient care. Fatigue can be defined as the physical or psychological exhaustion that renders the professional incapable of competent performance. This factor is more of a result of excessive workload and generates incompetence, anger, cynicism and lack of self confidence in the staff. This exhaustion and incompetence leads to anxiety and eventually paves way for depression in the nursing staff and alters their sanity and sense of contentment (Greenglass Burke, 2016). The statistics suggest that 85% of the total nursing workforce suffer with chronic fatigue and the numbers are not decreasing by any means, and 36% out of which are the rotating shift nurses who are swamped with workload the most. 35% percent of fatigue ridden nurses belong to the night shift working nurses and the rest belong to the regular shift working nurses. The lack of sleep has been reported the biggest reason contributing to burnout in the nursing workforce and condition deteriorates further every day (Greenglass, Burke Moore, 2003). Bullying: Another very important factor that contributes to the negatively impacting the mental health of the nurses is the bullying they face in the nursing environment. Bullying can be defined as any form of abusive action that is repeated time and time again in the professional environment. There are several kinds of bullying activities that a bully victim can suffer with such as verbal abuse, humiliation, threats, intimidating behaviour, physical assault and harassment. Any professional field can be associated with bullying and nursing is no exception to it. Especially due to the team working pattern in nursing, the chances of workplace bullying in this profession is even more heightened (Ariza-Montes et al., 2013). Workplace bullying in the context of nursing, can occur between the nursing staff and his or her superior, between team mates, between teams and their manager or between different teams themselves. The targeting of bullying can be for various reasons; the societal stereotypes are the most important contributing factors to bullying like age, gender, race, ethnicity, background and other such demographics. Other than that organizational behaviour of a particular nurse can evoke bullying as well, like differing from workplace culture or norm. Experience is often a ground for workplace bullying where more experienced nurses bully junior nurses on the ground for their lack of knowledge and expertise (Farrell Shafiei, 2012). Whatever may the reason be, the impact of bullying is paramount in nursing, and it generates anxiety, fear of embarrassment and lack of self worth in the victim. A bully victim in the initial stages might live in the constant fear of not aggravating their bully by adj usting every action of them and this preoccupation impacts their performance. With consistent bullying the self esteem of the victim is destroyed and slowly loses any purpose in pursing their career and eventually drop out. However the experience lingers leading them to acute depression, which ultimately destroys the professional qualities that the nurse initially possessed. The statistics suggest that almost 57% of nurses undergo some form of bullying or aggression in the workplace in the Australian context, and the bigger picture is even worse (Thompson George, 2016). Evidence based strategies: The impact of all this workplace factors on the mental health of nurses leads often to resignation, depression, anxiety, PTSD and in extreme cases even suicide. The rates of suicide has been increasing at an alarming rate, and keeping that aside the impact of this mental stress is lowering the life expectancy of the nurses frighteningly (Drapeau et al., 2017). Therefore, there is dire need of coping strategies that will establish self resilient traits in the nurses. REFERNCE Mindfulness strategy: The physical and psychological burnout or exhaustion is considered to be a psychological syndrome and mindfulness strategy functions by management of this psychological trauma to minimize its impact by engaging the individual in mind-ful activities (Watanabe et al., 2015). The most commonly used variables of this strategy are intentional awareness, judgment refusal and present focused approaches. Studies suggest that implementation of mindful strategies like timeouts, intentional avoidance and interpersonal support has been highly effective in restoring the normalcy in nurses who had been struggling through depression and withdrawal tendencies due to burnout (Montero-Marin et al., 2014). This strategy allows the nurses to disengage their mind from the work related stress and allows them to invest onto activities unrelated to their job responsibilities. Other more contemporary mindfulness strategies like mind-ful meditation and calming activities can help significantly in reducing anx iety and exhaustion and can do wonders for calming the mind and clearing out all negative thoughts and insecurities. In a recent study, nurses who practiced regular and frequent meditating practices were found have established more professional resilience than the others and it can be expected that mindfulness strategies, if carefully and diligently implemented, can be immensely helpful in restoring mental balance and establishing professional resilience in nurses (Watanabe et al., 2015). For example, taking frequent breaks in between extreme work pressure can also bring mental peace to the nurses and help them cope with exhaustive work stress and burnout. Positive professional relationship and seeking out help: Another very important strategy that can effective reduce the chances of workplace bullying behaviour in the nursing workforce is establishing a nurturing professional relationship with the co-workers and the superiors to minimize the impact of these stressors. According to empirical studies, the positive impact of a close knit professional bond and friendship among the co-workers cannot just help with uplifting the paramount that stress bully victims are under, having approachable co-workers will also allow a bully victim to share his and her grievances and overcome the terrifying impact of bullying (Perry et al., 2015). Other than that having nurturing relationships within the workplace where compassionate and cooperative working environment is exercised effectively, seeking help had been much more frequent in various examples (Shin et al., 2014). Hence in order to overcome bullying the strategy of sharing grief has been proved to be extremely effective, and for that a positive and nurturing professional environment is a prerequisite. Having a sound employee harassment investigative body in the workplace can also be a huge step for reducing workplace bullying where the employees can complain about any bullying behaviour they are facing anonymously to safeguard their privacy. Hence the successful implement this strategy and its elements to establish a compassionate and supportive workplace environment can improve the confidence of victims and can give them the courage to come forward and fight the bullying (Drapeau et al., 2017) Conclusion: There are a multitude of other strategies and techniques that can help nurses cope with the emotional trauma they face in the workplace in the form of humiliation, workload, or exhaustion. However the nurses dealing with depression or self harming tendencies due to workplace stress need support and compassion the most from their surroundings. And with conscious effort from all the stakeholders this situation can be dealt with effectively so that the nursing workforce can get the helping hand they need as effectively as they extend to the rest of the society. References: Ariza-Montes, A., Muniz, N. M., Montero-Sim, M. J., Araque-Padilla, R. A. (2013). Workplace bullying among healthcare workers.International journal of environmental research and public health,10(8), 3121-3139. Ayling, N. (2006). Workload caused mental illness, health visitor tells High Court. Barton, A. (2009). Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses.Aorn Journal,90(4), 601-602. Drapeau, M., Blake, E., Dobson, K. S., Krner, A. (2017). Coping Strategies in Major Depression and Over the Course of Cognitive Therapy for Depression.Canadian Journal of Counselling Psychotherapy/Revue Canadienne de Counseling et de Psychothrapie,51(1). Farrell, G. A., Shafiei, T. (2012). Workplace aggression, including bullying in nursing and midwifery: a descriptive survey (the SWAB study).International journal of nursing studies,49(11), 1423-1431. Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J. (2016). Stress and the effects of hospital restructuring in nurses.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,33(2). Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J., Moore, K. A. (2003). Reactions to increased workload: Effects on professional efficacy of nurses.Applied psychology,52(4), 580-597. Montero-Marin, J., Prado-Abril, J., Demarzo, M. M. P., Gascon, S., Garca-Campayo, J. (2014). Coping with stress and types of burnout: explanatory power of different coping strategies.PloS one,9(2), e89090. Perry, L., Lamont, S., Brunero, S., Gallagher, R., Duffield, C. (2015). The mental health of nurses in acute teaching hospital settings: a cross-sectional survey.BMC nursing,14(1), 15. Shin, H., Park, Y. M., Ying, J. Y., Kim, B., Noh, H., Lee, S. M. (2014). Relationships between coping strategies and burnout symptoms: A meta-analytic approach. Thompson, R., George, L. E. (2016). Preparing new nurses to address bullying: the effect of an online educational module on learner self-efficacy.MedSurg Nursing,25(6), 412-418. Watanabe, N., Furukawa, T. A., Horikoshi, M., Katsuki, F., Narisawa, T., Kumachi, M., ... Matsuoka, Y. (2015). A mindfulness-based stress management program and treatment with omega-3 fatty acids to maintain a healthy mental state in hospital nurses (Happy Nurse Project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials,16(1), 36.

Radiohead - Kid A free essay sample

It was called the weirdest number one album of theyear by Rolling Stone magazine, has been named the best album of the yearby many major music publications and was nominated for four Grammy Awards (andwon for Best Alternative Music Performance), all without a released single orvideo. It is incredible that an album can receive all that recognition todaywithout MTV or radio coverage, which indicates the strength of Radioheads fanbase. Radioheads fourth LP, Kid A, entered the chartsworldwide at number one. This album is experimental for Radiohead, as it reliesmore on technology than their previous three albums do. It highlights theinnovative style of the extremely talented Johnny Greenwood, who plays manyinstruments. One of the negatives of this album is that Thom Yorkes incrediblevoice is not heard enough. But, like earlier albums, it includes slower songs,such as How To Disappear Completely and Motion PictureSoundtrack, as well as more upbeat ones like Optimistic andIdioteque. We will write a custom essay sample on Radiohead Kid A or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The band even includes a horn section in TheNational Anthem. I would agree that this is one of the best albumsof the year, but I cannot say it is Radioheads best. Although it is great, thisEnglish band has produced better.

Glorius revolution essays

Glorius revolution essays Beginning in the 16th century, the nations of Europe competed for wealth and power through a new economic system called mercantilism, in which colonies played a critical role. According to the theory of mercantilism, a nation could increase its wealth and power in two ways: by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible, and by establishing a favorable balance of trade, in which it sold more goods than it bought. A nations ultimate goal under mercantilism was to become self-sufficient so that it did not have to depend on other countries for goods. By the mid-1600s, the colonists exported to England large amounts of raw materials and staples-lumber, furs, fish, grain, and tobacco. In addition, the men and women of the colonies were good customers for manufactured English goods such as wooden furniture, iron utensils, books, and china. However, not all the products the colonists produced for export ended up on English docks. Some of the colonists sturdy lumber and strong tobacco made its way into the harbors of Spain, France, and Holland. England viewed these actions as an economic threat. As a result, beginning in 1651, Englands parliament, the countrys legislative body, moved to tighten control of colonial trade by passing a series of measures known as the The Navigation Acts. These Navigation Acts, as they were called, ordered the following: 1. No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships. 2. All vessels had to be manned by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial. 3. The colonies could export certain products, including tobacco and sugar-and later rice molasses, and furs-only to England. 4. Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to be unloaded at an English port. This gave jobs to English dockworkers and money to the English treasury in the form of import taxes on the good ...

Massospondylus - Facts and Figures

Massospondylus - Facts and Figures Name: Massospondylus (Greek for large vertebrae); pronounced MASS-oh-SPON-dill-us Habitat: Woodlands of South Africa Historical Period: Early Jurassic (208-190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 13 feet long and 300 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large, five-fingered hands; long neck and tail About Massospondylus Massospondylus is a good example of the class of dinosaurs known as prosauropodssmall-to-medium sized, small-brained herbivores of the early Jurassic period whose relatives later evolved into towering sauropods like Barosaurus and Brachiosaurus. In early 2012, Massospondylus made headlines thanks to the discovery in South Africa of preserved nesting grounds, containing fossilized eggs and embryos, dating to the early Jurassic period (about 190 million years ago) This plant-eaterwhich paleontologists believe stomped in stampede-sized numbers across the plains of early Jurassic South Africais also a case study in changing views of dinosaur behavior. For decades, it was widely believed that Massospondylus walked on all fours, only occasionally rearing up on its hind legs to reach vegetation. In the last few years, though, convincing evidence has come to light that Massospondylus was primarily bipedal, and faster (and more agile) than was previously believed. Because it was discovered so early in paleontological historyin 1854, by the famous naturalist Sir Richard OwenMassospondylus has generated its share of confusion, as various fossil remains have been incorrectly assigned to this genus. For instance, this dinosaur has been identified (at one time or another) with such dubious and now-discarded names as Aristosaurus, Dromicosaurus, Gryponyx, Hortalotarsus, Leptospondylus, and Pachyspondylus.

Private security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Private security - Coursework Example Additional options of where it is sourcing funds are from partnerships, client advance payments and vending. The firm also relies heavily on any of the funds that they have generated, second mortgages and credit cards (Krueger, 2002). The firm intends to use the start up funds to cover build out costs, purchase the necessary equipment and software and also to cover the facility. Initial costs of operating will also be covered by the funds, that is, taxes, payroll and utilities. The firm intends to spend forty five percent of the funds on assets so that the remaining fifty five percent could be spent on operations until it starts to make profits. The new business venture tends to accept government grants or guarantees as part of the capital structure because it will receive huge monetary rewards from it which will be in millions of dollars. The venture will also find it easier to raise more money from other government and private sectors once it receives government grants. It will therefore have high chances of being prestigious, getting instant credibility and also gaining public exposure as noted by Krueger (2002). Government grants do no have to be paid back and when the venture accepts them it means that the government will have already done research on the necessary activities that will ensure satisfaction of the public needs. This may mean that the venture will have ready customers because of the great demand for its services and products. Ratio of depth to equity measures the amount of money that a venture should borrow safely over a long time period. This is done by comparing the total debts of the venture and dividing it by the total amount of owner’s equity. The result is the total percent of what the firm is indebted. In the initial capital structure of the venture, equity consisted of both the common and preferred stock and also

1.Identify one method and critically evaluate it paying attention to Essay

1.Identify one method and critically evaluate it paying attention to the underlying theoretical underpinnings - Essay Example For instance, there are high chances that if the social workers are conscious about cultural issues there will also be high chances that they will offer competent services that are culture based and are likely to improve the quality of health care to various users of the service provided. Culture is a complex phenomenon and it requires the service providers to view themselves, local communities, their workmates and the settings of their employment from different angles. Social workers are often face difficulties in dealing with different cultural issues (Laird, 2008). Social workers ought to be accommodative to different cultural values of the service users and they must adopt a neutral position when they deal with people from various cultural backgrounds. There is need for them to respect the values of people from all backgrounds in order to be effective in the dispensation of their duties. There is need for the social workers to liberate themselves from cultural conditioning that emanates from professional as well as personal training so that they can develop their own world views based on experience which can help them develop sound interventions when dealing with groups from a diverse cultural background (Sue, 2006). In this assignment, I will focus on the model for cultural competence by Purnell as shown in the appendix. This model is primarily descriptive and it focuses on individuals, families, communities as well as the global community at large. The model is an amalgamation of different theories and it can guide through development of planning strategies, tools for assessment as well as personal interventions. This model was specifically designed to work as a framework that can be used to assess culture used across various disciplines as well as settings of practice. Whilst this model can provide an excellent guide to professionals, social workers may not have ample time to go through it. However, the social workers can gather a lot of information

A Day at the Circus Maximus Essay Example for Free

A Day at the Circus Maximus Essay The Ancient Romans knew how to make their politicians work for them, and often demanded bread and circuses from political candidates. This lead to the races being free which meant anyone could go. Gangs were seen rioting through the streets in celebration of their favourite charioteers victory. Fights broke out between the fans of victors and losers. Just like modern day sports fans. Many friends would meet up and have a good time at the races supporting their team. Latin for greatest circus, the Circus Maximus was the first and largest circus in ancient Rome, and it could seat about a quarter of the entire population of the city. Most Romans did not have weekends off, working seven days a week but if there was chariot racing they would take the day off since everyone would be at the races and no one would buy anything. Men and women were allowed in the audience, making it a popular family entertainment which allowed a larger variety of people to watch and meant that more people would watch. This was not down to it being violent but to the fact that it was free and anyone could watch. Since men and women were allowed to sit together this offered a great opportunity for a man to chat up a woman he finds attractive. This could be another reason why chariot races were so popular. The Circus Maximus was around 2000 ft long and 625 ft wide. That is about the size of five modern football fields laid end to end. This meant it was a great spectacle since it was so large and made it very exciting. At its largest, the stadium had three tiers of seating and an estimated capacity of up to 270,000 spectators which allowed for a great atmosphere at the races and made it more popular without any violence which makes me think that violence was not the only reason to watch the races. The chariots started from twelve gates, six on either side of an entrance. Above sat the presiding official whose white flag signalled the races to begin. At either end of the racetrack were the turning posts, around which charioteers raced their steeds at break-neck speeds. This did mean that it was very dangerous. There were thirteen turns, for seven laps, a distance of five miles. This made the races very exciting since the chariots were going at incredible speeds. The races were only fifteen minutes long so there was high octane action in a short amount of time which made the races very exciting. There were also around 24 races a day which meant there was a lot happening in a day and many people would stay for the day. The charioteers were split into four teams, the whites, the reds, the greens and the blues. This made the races more fun because you went to support your team rather than just watch the races. This also led to betting and many people would come just to bet on the different teams. To conclude there are a lot of reasons for coming to the races and the danger of the races isn’t one of the main reasons for watching the races.

The Role of the Gods in Homers The Iliad Essay -- Iliad essays

The Role of the Gods in Homer's The Iliad "We everlasting gods....Ah what chilling blows we suffer-thanks to our own conflicting wills-whenever we show these mortal men some kindness." This exert clearly states what kind of authority Homer has bestowed on his Gods. John Porter said," their constant interference in the lives of the mortals, which seems to cast them in the role of malicious puppeteers, while reducing Homer's heroes to mere pawns in a selfish and often rather petty divine game of one-upmanship." I found it to be quite disturbing imagining these characters fighting in such a mercilous war, giving every ounce of strength they had, and in an instance, all of their efforts could be derailed by a God or Goddess. You almost have to wonder if these 'heroes' really have any control whatsoever, or if they are there for the pure amusement of others. Porter also mentions the morality of the Gods'. He points out that the gods display many of the same values that we criticize the heroes of having. " They are as jealous of their honors (time) as are Agamemnon and Achilles i...

Is Green House Gases And Global Warming A Real Threat? Essay

Human beings are about to encounter the worst catastrophe apart from the bubonic plague which characterized the middle ages. This threat is the global warming. So many people are still on the debate on whether global warming is taking place and also on the potential effects it has on the environment. However, most scientists and researchers are in agreement that, global warming is already taking place and it is going to increase uncontrollably in future. The world leaders have an option to view it as a real threat to the existence of man or decide to ignore it to the detrimental of the human race (Phil, par 1). Though some have doubted the existence of green house gases and global warming, this essay shows that they are indeed are reality. Lately, the world has been characterized by so many debates on whether global warming is real or not, debate that does not exclude even the scientists. There are several facts that scientifically prove that global warming is real. These include several human activities that lead to emission of certain gases in the air, for example fuel burning. Burning of fuels such as coal and wood emit gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (Phil, par 2-4). These are what are called green house gases. Research shows that the amount of these gases emitted in the air is increasing in the atmosphere. These gases absorb sun’s radiation and this means that the amount or radiation in the atmosphere is increasing, resulting to the increase of atmospheric temperatures. This increase of temperatures has been associated with natural disasters such as flooding, crops failing and ice ages. Since people now know that global warming is real, they may not know all its impacts but they are sure that these impacts are going to be detrimental to the existence of human race and thus people cannot assume that it is not happening (Phil, par 2-4). In addition, a new green house gas has been discovered and identified and it is said to be potent. Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride is said to worsen the global warming process since it is 18,000 times capable of trapping the sun’s heat in the atmosphere (BBC News, par 3). The scientists who discovered it went further to say that the gas has been in the atmosphere for the last 40 years but its molecules continue to increase in number at the rate of 6% every year. Although its level is still low, its effects are significant to global warming process (BBC News, par 4- 5). One thing that is really frightening is the effects and consequences of these gases and the global warming at large. First, the temperature in the world is staggeringly increasing and it will continue to rise up, resulting to climatic changes all over the world. This will definitely lead to increase in the amount of rainfall in some areas while other areas will be deprived of it hence farming will be negatively affected. Food growing seasons in some areas will shorten while in other areas will lengthen. This will make it too difficult to predict the changes in the climate (Phil, par. 3). Another consequence will be the melting of the polar ice caps and this will take place at a higher rate than expected, hence making the oceans to rise slowly. It may lead to another Tsunami and people living in the coastal cities will be forced to move or evacuate the areas to other areas on raised ground. No one can predict the height that the oceans will increase up to, but the fact is that more land meant for human habitation will decrease. Consequently, the land available for farming will reduce and this will affect the amount of food produced for the survival of man. To make the matters worse, already most people do not engage in farming activities. The moment the little land available for these activities reduces, man will definitely starve (Phil, par 4). In addition, the melting of polar ice will decrease the reflection of sunlight back to the space, causing the earth’s temperature to increase at a very high rate. Just beneath these receding caps, there is organic matter which if exposed to the air, will also emit these gases. This will definitely complement the human activities that lead to the same. The warming on the earth surface will lead to more polar ice melting and this will affect the oceans in two ways. First, the oceans will be diluted, this referring to the desalination of the waters (Phil, par 5-6). Secondly, the temperature of these ocean waters will go down due to the water that is coming from the ice. Consequently, the ocean currents will be affected and since the ecosystem in the world is known to be regulated by these currents, there is bound to be another ice age in the world. Global warming will lead to another ice age! This poses the question on whether man is equipped enough to survive years of ice age. No one knows for sure when this will occur but one thing is a fact; the agriculture that is being practiced right now cannot sustain man during that period of ice age. This threatens the existence of man since ice age is capable of causing his extinction (Phil, par 5-6). Research shows that naturally, ice age follows the cycle of increases in temperatures. However, this time the temperature increases are not natural but man-made. The green house gases that are released into the atmosphere are man-made. Due to this, the scientists believe that the expected ice age will occur unexpectedly sooner as compared to other times in history (Phil, par 7). Moreover, the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) carried out a research and the finding confirmed that, these green house gases are a real problem and a threat to the future generations. The administrator of the agency, Lisa Jackson, read the statement and said that the levels the gases have reached are very high compared to the past and this accounts for the recent droughts, flooding and storms that have been experienced in the world. This climate change worsens the problems that man is currently facing for example poverty, environmental degradation, conflicts due to water scarcity and generally, social tensions (Condon, par 3-8). In the 1986, scientists from eleven countries came out to warn the humanity over their increasing activities that result to global warming. These activities include; deforestation, burning of fossil fuels and automobile use. The activities intensify the effects of green house gases. Inter governmental panel on climate change (IPCC) predicted that the amount of Carbon emissions in the air will double by the year 2100, catapulting the temperature levels from 2 to 10 degrees centigrade (Enotes, par 1-5). This will account for the future’s heat waves, hurricanes, wildfires among other extreme weather conditions which result to more deaths, economic crisis and infectious diseases. Years 1990s can bear witness to these predictions since it was the hottest decade ever. For example, in the year 1998 in England, four million people were left without power due to ice storm that characterized the month of January. The same year, Brazil and Mexico reported fires in their rain forests for the first time; heat waves characterized Middle East and also Texas, and unexpected windstorm led to Europe to incur damages costing $4 billion in the following year (Enotes, par 1-5). A factual thing is that, man is not in control over the reality of global warming. So, in other words, he is left with the option of either to act or not to, to mitigate the effects of global warming. If man decides to act irrespective of whether global warming is real or not, he will definitely have 50% assurance of existence but if he decides not to act, the vice versa is also true (Phil, par 7). Conclusion In conclusion, the world may be divided over the reality of global warming and green house gases but the fact is that, global warming has been proven to take place and the world has started to feel its effects. The future has also promised the devastating consequences of this process if man does not act and hence it is a real threat to the future generations and the existence of man. Work Cited BBC. New Green House Gas Threat. BBC News. 27 July, 2000. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Condon, Stephanie. EPA Calls Green House Gases a Public Threat. CNET News. 17 April, 2009, . Enotes. Is Global warming a threat? Enotes, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Phil, B. Global Warming: Mankind’s Greatest Threat. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society and Yourself, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Phil, B. Proving Global Warming. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society And Yourself, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, . Phil, B. Why We Must Ac to Prevent Global Warming, 2010. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society and Yourself, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, .

‘Of mice and men’ Several Characters Essay

Q: In ‘of mice and men’ several characters show they have hopes and dreams of a better future. Explain why you think this is what the character gain or lose from their dreams. A dream is something you indulge in, to escape for a moment from life. This seems to be the circumstance that John Steinbeck intended his characters in Of Mice and Men to dream in. They are all craving for something – in the case of George and Lennie, that something is land. They are not the first travelling ranch hands to summon up images of their own land, or of being their own bosses. This dream is similar to the Great American Dream, that you can achieve anything if you have the mind and desire to do it. However I will explain how the characters in ‘Of Mice And Men’ gained and lose from their dreams. To begin with, the two main characters, George and Lennie. Their dream is to have call their own land, but that is mostly George’s dream, Lennie wants to look after the rabbit, since he likes to tend soft things. Lennie is introduced in the novel as a animal imagery, ‘a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulder; and he walked heavily dragging his feet a little, the way bears drag his paws.’ He acts like a little child and he looks up to George as guidance. At times George wishes he didn’t have to put up wit Lennie, but you realise that they cant live without each other, they need each others company, ‘I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you.’ Yet carrying on about George and Lennie’s dream, there is a gain and lose of the dream. They have a sense of hope, ‘we got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us.’ This means by George and Lennie having each other, the there would be a sense of hope with their dream, for their future, for them to look forward together. During their bad times at the ranch, they have the dream to look forward to, which the dream gives a sense of purpose, to escape from reality. When their dream will come true, they will be free from prejudice; they wouldn’t have anyone treating them with disrespect. Also one of the most important facts that George will gain is to be in charge of own destiny, a sense of ownership, ‘an’ it’d be our own.’ He has an idea of the kind of place he is looking for, ‘got a little win’ mill. Got a shack on it, an’ a chicken run. Got a kitchen, orchard, cherries, apples, peaches, `cots, nuts, got a few berries. They’s a place for alfalfa and plenty water to flood it. They’s a pig-pen†¦.’ However there is a lose of this dream, a lose of hope and touch with reality. When they arrive at the ranch where they will be working the first person that they meet is an older gentleman named Candy. Candy has lived a long and hard life on the ranch and has nothing to show for it. During his time on the ranch he has lost his hand, grown old, and feels that he has become worthless. The name â€Å"Candy† is an interesting one for this character though. When you think of candy you see children eating it while running around in the yard having a good time without a care in the world. This is the exact opposite of what the character in the novel is. The restless fiend of age has caught up with him and he is not able to move as fast as he once did; even his dog is unable to move about. Candy and his dog have good bond relationship; they have each other like George and Lennie. When George and Lennie reveals their dream, Candy become interested and wanted to share the dream, ‘s’pose I went with you guys. Tha’ three hundred an’ fifty bucks I’d put in. I ain’t much good, but I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some. How’d that be?’ Candy wants to share this dream since he wants to be use, since how candy’s dog was treated. His dog was killed, since it was no use and candy doesn’t want to be useless.

Stagnation of the Philippines essays

Stagnation of the Philippines essays STAGNATION OF THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Education is the most important aspect in the development of an individual, and as well as a nation. It is the trait that helps us become well-rounded people ready to encounter all obstacles and problems put before us, and overcome them. Without the proper education, life will be very difficult for people to live since they are not prepared to deal with its challenges. Unfortunately, in the Philippines, the education provided to its citizens are well below the standards expected, thus leaving these people with difficult circumstances to overcome each day. As the years progress, the country fails to rise these said standards and thus bring an insufficient education for the public. This has led to the non-progression of the Filipinos as people and the Philippines as a state. The Philippines has one of the highest rates of decline in educational standards throughout the world at present. This is due to the insufficient education being brought to the classrooms throughout the archipelago. Most countries have overtaken the Filipinos in terms of quality in education and they are slowly dropping among the world excellence. And the future does not seem so bright to for the Philippines because of the deteriorating trend experienced by their educational system. The educational system in the Philippines has not progressed in the past decades because of the lack of government support and the apathy of the Filipinos towards the inferior quality of education provided them. The educational system in the Philippines is stagnated at its present state. The researcher aims to show the educational system in the Philippines, its background as well as its present structure. Then, the status of the educational system throughout history and the problems experienced by it along with the measures taken. Finally, to depict the stagnation of the system from the past, the reasons and the possible solutions...

Writing skills for nursing students, Nursing Standard - Emphasis

Writing skills for nursing students, Nursing Standard Writing skills for nursing students, Nursing Standard As the adage goes, anything worth having is worth fighting for. But it can be a rude awakening if youve signed onto a nursing degree course and now find your passion for helping people buried under a pile of essays and assignments. Theres no doubt that a degree is great preparation for the challenging career you have ahead of you. But turning complex scientific information into concise writing is not always easy. It can seem like a losing battle especially if you havent been shown how. The secret is to learn how to communicate your ideas and arguments clearly. This can boost your understanding of the clinical material, enabling you to put your people know-how into context. Here are five ways to lay the foundations for writing success. Clarify your main message Before you begin writing, its vital that you know what you really want to say. Answering the questions: What?, Where?, When?, How?, Why? and Who? can help you to organise your ideas. Focus on your reader Your reader is likely to be your university lecturer, who should already be very knowledgeable about the topics you write about. So focus on exactly what they need for each particular assignment. For instance, if your task is to evaluate a variety of health-promotion models, focus on what is most important about each model and write about that first. This will show that you are able to reach a clear conclusion from your research. You can then demonstrate your evaluation skills by expanding on each of your key messages. Keep it short and sweet A survey by Harvard professor D.H. Menzel showed that in technical papers, people find sentences difficult to understand when they are longer than 34 words. So make things easier for your reader by keeping your sentences between 15 and 20 words. One idea, one sentence Consider this sentence: Nurses play an important role in the delivery of healthcare yet some are concerned that they need more autonomy in their work. This actually contains two separate (but linked) ideas, so it would be more helpful to the reader to split the sentence up: Nurses play an important role in the delivery of healthcare. Yet some experts are concerned that they need more autonomy in their work. Splitting up your ideas in this way will give your writing clarity. Use the active voice Traditionally, academic writing uses the passive voice to appear objective and scientific. But the active voice adds movement to your writing and its still scientifically sound. So instead of writing Leadership styles have been investigated by Zane and Prestipino (2004), write Zane and Prestipino (2004) investigated leadership styles. Academic writing doesnt have to be stilted, wordy and difficult to decipher. Practise these techniques and your writing will demonstrate your passion for nursing. Next month, well look at the ins and outs of essay writing. Well also give you some top tips for breaking writers block. Robert Ashton is Chief Executive of Emphasis. Want to write better documents? See our courses for individuals or our courses for groups. Alternatively, send us a message or call one of our friendly advisors on +44 (0)1273 961 810

Sexual Assaults in Prison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sexual Assaults in Prison - Essay Example Even though the rate of imprisonment has increased over the years, most penal settings operate beyond the rated capacities. These lead to the crisis of overcapacity, limited resources and understaffing complications. Sexual assault in prisons has devastating psychological, social, and physical impacts on victims’ welfare. In most cases, the effects of sexual assault are exaggerated by captivity. In some instances, the affected persons face consistent infliction of fear, helplessness, physical assault as well as psychological trauma. The in-house problems in incarcerated centers are at times answerable to increased cases of sexual assaults in the penitentiary (Dumond, 2002). Sexual assaults have long term impacts on individual future growth and development. In addition to psychosomatic and physical harm, prisoners also face the peril of sexually transmitted diseases, depression, medical injuries, stigmatization, labeling, reduced social status, suicidal motivations, post-trauma disorders and reduction in individual esteem and social status. As a result, prisoners, jail administrators and clinicians ought to be aware of the increased cases of psychological and physical sexual acts and cases of victimization. Prison health practitioners should work hand in hand with the administrative staff and security to manage cases of sexual assaults and the subsequent intellectual, psychological and health conditions. Inmates are reported to have the highest level of sexual activity risks, high vulnerability to contagious diseases and highest rate of drug abuse. The recent decades have rising cases of sexual assaults and misconducts on female and male inmates by prison staffs. However, not all staffs are involved in these devastating acts. Cases of sexual assault by the staff members on the inmate are sometime accelerated by lack of a well defined

Sociology and Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology and Power - Essay Example This is what will be dissertated in the following. The Howard County Department of Police is located in Ellicott City, Maryland. The Office of Sheriff in this police department is responsible for enforcing all federal, state, county, and municipal ordinances within the county. Included in these duties are the investigations of theft, vandalisms, assaults, illegal drug activity, reported child and or domestic abuse, as well as all other criminal allegations. Also, the sheriff is required to carry out all duties relating to the involuntary hospitalization of persons with mental illness and duties relating to condemnation of private property. The power elite theory claims that a single elite, as opposed to a multiplicity of competing groups, decides the life-and-death issues for the nation as a whole. First coined by C. Wright Mills in his 1956 book, The Power Elite, the term, in political and sociological theory, is a small group o people who control a disproportionate amount of wealth, and privilege and access to decision-making of global consequence.

Ethical issues in business statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical issues in business statistics - Essay Example Among the four branches of moral philosophical term â€Å"ethics†- Meta, normative, descriptive and applied ethics, business ethics has itself two dimensions, such as normative and descriptive dimensions. Corporate world and professionals is regulated by normative view of ethics where academicians use descriptive method to scrutinize the corporate behavior and practices. Statistics is such kind of tools which helps to abridge large volume of data into simple number which determines a conclusion. In business statistics, which employs the techniques and knowledge of statistics and mathematics into business phenomena to make decision, is now confronted and being challenged by ethical issues of business as well as by Christian point of view towards business in western world where Christianity is dominant. From the very beginning of history, philosophers had thrown some question to the statisticians in terms of ethical investigation. They urged for determining a course of action wh ich is recommended as well as followed by others. They also questioned about the possible outcome and its impact on everyone. After that they asked for the acceptance to the statisticians itself if the decision dictated by him will direct to him. Finally, they raised the question about the neutrality of the publication if it goes publicly. Though Philosophers intend is to develop generalization of business statistical outcome, professional business statistician’s real objectives is to create processes to deal ethical issues which they arise. A statistician has an obligation to his client as he is asked to handle the data. But there will raise a question about the ownership of data as who will be the righteous to data. Even though clients give consent to publish or any use of the data, it is statisticians obligation to protect the identities and honor of his clients and his organization. On the contrary, clients may try to dictate the possible result towards his comfort zone b efore the accomplishments of any research. So, it is a dilemma for the statistician to keep the agreement which have done before with his ethical- either personal or professional- obligation. Another challenge for a statistician is to deal with outlier effect. Outlier can be explained as an observation of any occurrence which is unusually either large or small compared to real volume. Proper solution can be raised through formulation of law and its implication. It will help to deal with the two’s, that is, ownership of data and search of significance and outlier. For example, if data is owed to the clients, he cannot change the statistical findings toward his own ease as it against the public policy. In terms of outlier, though it is legally defensible if disclosed, ethically not indeed. This is because if it done, the proper accountability will be lost. However, American statistical Association (ASA) has formulated 10 point ethical guidelines for statistical practices. The m ain issues of this guideline are to follow the confidentiality of information and maintain integrity in honestly and objectively. Other thing is that the whole inquiry should be purpose oriented and should not cross the boundary limit. Fulfilling the agreement with clients should give proper importance and should inform the clients before raising any conflict or probability of occurrence of any assumed

The role of testimonial advertising in Fmcg sector

The role of testimonial advertising in Fmcg sector In todays intensely competitive, rapidly changing and highly complex environment characterize by diminishing customer loyalty, the need to be market -focused and customer centric is more critical and is gaining importance than any other time in past. Testimonial advertising is usually very effective and is frequently used. It is basically a promotional  method  in which one or more  testimonials  from satisfied  customers  are used. The satisfied customers may be well know or famous personality or may be a common customer. The statement of men and women who are well and favourably known in society tend to influence others in the community to buy a particular product or article which others have used successfully. Hence, the main purpose of the study is to understand the effect of this type of adverstising on FMCG industry. 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The study will help to understand the impact and the importance of testimonial advertising as a marketing tool in FMCG sector. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Advertising Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take some action. It is the business which draws the attention of public to goods and services. The product name is generally included in advertising. It also explains how that product could prove to be beneficial to the consumer. Advertising helps in persuading a target market to purchase or to consume a particular brand. It serves to communicate an idea to a large number of people. It attempts to convince a group a people to take some certain action. It is a type of communication who aims at informing potential customers about products and services. Commercial advertisers main aim is to increase the consumption of their  products and/or services. This can be done through branding. Branding includes the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand. Non-commercial advertisers spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service. These non commercial advertisers may include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies.   With the rise of mass production , modern advertising came into existence. Mass media  can be defined as any media meant to reach a mass amount of people. To deliver the different and various types of messages, different types of media can be used. Traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor; or  new media  like a websites and text messages can be used. 2.2 Advertising and its various modes Advertising is one of the important aspects which need to be considered in business. Advertising decides how much a product or service will be successful. Different mediums can be used for advertising purposes. Advertising promotes the product and services of a company and drive its sales. It also builds brand identity and also communicates changes of new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element. The reasons for advertising are ; New product introduced Sales increases Change in product line. Brand builing. There are various media which can be used for advertising based on the several reasons. Several b ranches of advertising can be made based on these criterias. The various categories or types of advertising are mentioned below: 2.2.1 Print Advertising The print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures, fliers etc. The print media have always been a famous and popular way of advertising. It is the most convenient and the most commonly used way of advertising. Depending upon the area occupied by the advertisement and also the position of the advertisement like front page/ middle page etc, these newspapers and magazines sell the advertising space. It is also affected by the readership of the publications. Like for example the cost of giving an advertisement in a new and comparatively less popular newspaper will be less than the one which is more popular and has more readerships. The type of supplement also affects the price of the print ads. The advertisement in the glossy supplement costs much higher than normal paper. The problem of ads in newspapers and magazines is that they can only attract the readers eyes. It is not visible to a person who is not a reader. This problem can be solved by considering several factors: Use right-hand pages for newspaper adverts. The colour also plays an important role. The layout and the text are also very important parts of newspaper adverts. The layout may take the readers look at the main information, and the text is just to inform interested people. Print advertising is equally effective in creating an impact on the masses. But another problem that can arise is that it can address only the educated people. Even though there is a large section of people who indulge in reading newspapers or even simply browsing through the headlines and in the mean time they will take a look at the advertisement which will serve the purpose indeed.   2.2.2 Outdoor Advertising Another popular way of advertising is outdoor ads. It uses several different tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoor. The various types of outdoor advertising can be billboards, kiosks and several events organised by a company. The billboard advertising is the popular of all and grabs the maximum attention of the passers by. The kiosks promote the companys products. The companys can organize various events for publicising their product. 2.2.3 Broadcast advertising Broadcast advertising includes television, radio and the internet. Anything that can be broadcasted using digital means to a large mass comes under broadcast advertising. It is a very popular advertising medium. Television advertising has been popular since the time television came into existence. The duration and the time of the ads decides the cost of the ads. It helps when you want to give a very detailed information of the product. They have proved to have more stonger impact as compared to the others. The radio lost its importance to the new age media but it still remains the choice of the small sc ale advertisers. 2.2.4 Celebrity advertising The most effective way of influencing people is celebrity advertising Although a larger part of the audience has got immune to the varied claims made in a majority of advertisements, there is still a large part of costomers that still relies upon celebrities for advertising their products. 2.2.5 Public Service Advertising The advertising for social cause is called public service advertising. Public service advertising is a technique that uses ads to effectively communicate to the general public and make them aware about matters like illiteracy, poverty, AIDS, energy conservation deforestation etc. 2.3 Importance of advertising The main aim of any business is to maximize its sales resulting into a lot of revenue and profits for the company. Advertising helps in increasing the sales of any business. The second importance is that the product of a specific brand ends up becoming a household name. For example Coke or coca-cola is a house hold brand name. Same is the case of Pepsi. Such popular brand names have huge customer base that is loyal to the brand and continues to purchase the product for a prolonged time period. The craving to purchase and own a particular commodity only arises if people are aware about its existence. This can only happen if the product is advertised properly. 2.3.1 Importance of advertising in marketing Advertising helps in gaining a good loyal customer base. It not only markets the brand but also conveys the financial details about the brand to the customer. The details of pricing often tend to generate an interest in a persons mind. Discount offers often prove to be successful in advertising. Offers like buy 1 get 1 free prove to be quite instrumental for clearance sales etc and result into a spurt of sales. Hence, advertising plays a quite comprehensive role in marketing policies. 2.3.2 Importance of advertising in business Advertising not only just optimizes sales and product promotion but also creates goodwill of the specific brand which is an important asset. A very well known brand not only creates a good customer base but also a good ground to introduce new products under the same banner. The probability of people to buy the new product out of curiosity is very high. Once a good reputation is gained, it helps the business throughout the life time. The effect of one cause leads to the other. Advertising leads to awareness. When people are aware of the product they tend to pay attention to its newer advertisements and the probability that the person will buy the product will increase. Hence, we can say that advertising helps business gain loyal customers as well as a good platform in the entire market.   2.4 IMC Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC) coordinates and integrates all marketing tools like avenues, functions and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximizes the impact on consumers and other end users at a minimal cost. Marketing efforts incorporate marketing mix. The marketing mix consists of the four Ps of marketing viz product, place, price, promotion. Promotion activities can be done in a variety of ways like sales promotion, personal selling activities etc. It also includes internet marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. There are various levels of integration such as the horizontal, vertical, external, internal and data integration. They all help to strengthen integrated communications. Horizontal Integration occurs across the marketing mix and across business functions. On the other hand, External Integration,, requires external partners such as advertising and PR agencies to work closely together to deliver a single solution. Integrated marketing communications includes online and offline marketing channels. By online marketing channels we mean e-marketing campaigns, programs, podcast, internet radio, internet tv etc. Whereas, billboards, television traditional radio mail order, traditional print etc come under offline marketing channels. IMC is a data driven approach whose main focus is to identify consumer insights and to develop a strategy with the right combination of channels to build a strong brand consumer relationship 2.4.1 Importance of IMC IMC requires a lot of efforts to ultimately deliver many benefits. It saves money, boosts the profits and sales of the company and creates a competitive advantage. It improves communications with the customer and helps them to move through the different stages of the buying process. This Relationship Marketing creates a strong bond of loyalty with the customers and helps in protecting them from inevitable competition. Retaining a customer for life proves to be a powerful competitive advantage. Because of its increased effectiveness, IMC helps in increasing profits.   IMC can boost sales by stretching messages across several communications tools to create more avenues for customers to become aware, aroused, and ultimately, to make a purchase. Finally, IMC helps in eliminating duplication in graphics and photography, which can be used in advertising, exhibitions and sales literature and thus saves money. 2.5 Testimonial advertising Testimonial advertising can be defined as a promotional  method  in which one or more  testimonials  from satisfied  customers  are used. It is a very effective form of advertising. It involves statement of men and women who are well and favourably known in the society to influence other people to buy the particular product. This is usually done by speaking good and favourable things about the product to prove the handiness of the product in use. It can be done through any form of media like print, radio, television etc. However television proves to be most successful because it involves both audio and visual components. Seeing the person use the product makes us believe more than just reading or hearing about it. Very big companies use this type of advertising as a promotional method to increase their customer base and also their profits. A few examples to testimonial advertising which proved to be very successful in the recent past are- The lalitaji campaign used by Hindustan UniLiver, or the repositioning of lifebuoy, or the media strategy used by HLL for close-up, or the brand management strategy used by dabur for vatika, or horlicks by gsk, or the desh ka namak campaign for tata salt by HLL. 2.6 Importance of customer testimonials To achieve desired behavioural response, marketers use influential marketing methods like the word of mouth communications etc. Customer reviews and testimonials prove to be very powerful when it comes to advertising and especially in case of FMCG sector. They offer a sense of security in the minds of new customers and build credibility. The most challenging task is to get your customers provide you the review which you are expecting. A good review by the customer or a good testimonial is beneficial to the customer in many ways. 2.7 FMCG industry Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods are also known as consumer packaged goods. They range from soaps , detergents, household stuffs, accessories etc. The items are usually the ones which come in handy in regular basis.the consumption of these products is very high and is still increasing day by day. 2.7.1 What is FMCG FMCG products usually have a high turnover ratio. They are low to medium range products. It mainly deals with the marketing and distribution of consumer goods. They are required by the consumer on daily basis and hence leads to high sales. 2.7.2 Common FMCG products Some common FMCG product categories include food, glassware, paper , pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, plastic goods, printing and stationery, household products, photography, drinks etc. And also soaps, shampoos, cells etc. 2.7.3 Major companies in FMCG Hindustan Unilever Ltd ITC Dabur India Nestle India Cadbury India Procter and gamble Marico Industries Britannia CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION This report will be totally focusing on the FMCG companies preferences towards testimonial advertising and the effect and influence of testimonial advertising on the FMCG sector. As the advertising techniques are used for the marketing of the product so the research will be done in the area of marketing. 3.1 Data sources One of the major challenges in any research is the data collection. It is not only important to collect data but also to know how to use it. There can be two types of data which can be used in any survey Primary data Secondary data Primary data is the information collected from original sources for the first time. Primary data is usually specific, relevant and is current. Its main disadvantage is its high cost and the amout of time takes. Secondary data is information that already exits which was collected by somebody for other purposes and is now available to the researcher as a secondary source of information. It gives an overview of the market. Secondary data does not take as much time as primary data and involves less cost. Secondary data is usually collected from the documents like published articles and the Internet. But internet lacks reliability. For this report I have taken secondary data sources as a data collection method. 3.1.1 Secondary Data Sources A) Literature Review To understand the general concept of advertising and how testimonial advertising is used in FMCG sector B) Internet: to gather information regarding various types of companies in FMCG Sector. C) Newspaper: it is a good medium for disseminating information to millions of people. In Newspapers, one can see the advertisement of various FMCG products. CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS 4.1 SWOT analysis The SWOT-model ( strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, threats) gives the internal strength and weaknesses of the company It also reflects the external factors from the market . The SWOT analysis can be described as follows 4.1.1 Strengths Well known brands are present in FMCG sector. Distribution network is good Operational costs are low. 4.1.2 Weaknesses Scope of investing in technology is low. Duplication of products of well established brands. Export levels are low. 4.1.3 Opportunities High consumer goods spending Untapped market (rural). Domestic market is very large. Purchasing power of consumer is increasing. 4.1.4 Threats Import restrictions mite be removed from domestic brands 4.2 Case study 4.2.1 Lalitaji Hindustan unilever launched lalitaji in the year a 1959. She was used for the endorsement of surf. Soon after the launch of lalitaji, surf became a synonym of detergents and powders. It remained the largest selling detergent powder for long time. Then came the launch of Nirma by Karsanbhai patel. To respond to the low priced nirma, they came up with a memorable advertising strategy. It featured a middle class housewife Kavita Choudhary.soon the lalitaji could ne identified by the people even on the streets. Overnight it gained importance. She could be seen in almost every role. Like a daughter, wife, neighbour, daughter in-law, mother. It taught us the difference between sasti cheez ans asli cheez. HLLs main target was the middle class housewives. Lalitaji clearly portrayed a strong headed and strong willed character. An ironic twist occurred and soon the common lalitaji became larger than the brand itself. But later in 1980s Nirma also launced a similar figure called deepika ji. HLL later launced surf ultra with lalitaji. And then the famous ad dhoondh te reh jaoge came in the picture. Later in the 1990s HLL was backed by surf excel. The lalitaji was now a working modern women. May be a lawyer, journalist, or a business women. What was retained was her spotless white garb.the inevitable stains was reassured by those who looked at her shopping bag surf excel hai na. Lalitaji was gone but the brand clicked the segment et again. The campaign reflected the changing role of Indian women. Surf hence became generic and many people refer to detergent as surf. C:UserssonyDesktoplalitaji_surf ad.JPG Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future of FMCG FMCG is expected to grow to Rs 400,000-crore industry by 2020. The consumption pattern of people has evolved rapidly in the past few years. The consumers are curious to experience what they have not experienced till now. The quest for the new still continues. The needs are soon getting replaced by the wants. The FMCG sector witnessed robust year-on-year growth of approximately 11 per cent in the last decade, almost tripling in size from Rs 47,000 crore in 2000-01 to Rs 130,000 crore now. 5.2 Conclusion Since the FMCG sector is expected to grow several folds in the coming years, advertising in this sector will prove to be fruitful for any company. Sales are the lifeblood of any business. Without sales there would be no business. Therefore it is very important that if a business wants to succeed, it should have good sales. Advertising helps in increasing the sales of any product. Since testimonial advertising influences the people to a great extent and leaves an everlasting impression in the minds of the customer, it can prove to be a powerful tool for advertising. It is important to study the consumer behaviour and their choices especially in FMCG industry because there are several brands as options for the customer. Since the financial risk is very low in this segment the consumers do not mind switching from one brand to the other. Hence it is very important for the marketer to know the ways of marketing and advertising its products properly. Since, advertising forms such an important aspect of marketing, its study and understanding is very important. Testimonial advertising have also helped in contributing to the improvements of the advertising strategies to a great extent.

The Impact of the World Trade Center Attacks on New York Citys Economy :: Economics

The Impact of the World Trade Center Attacks on New York City's Economy A study by the New York City Partnership and the Chamber of Commerce estimates that New York City's economy will sustain a gross loss of about $83 billion and lose 57,000 jobs over three years as a result of the World Trade Center attacks. The study, which was released Nov. 15, said even after payment of insurance claims and federal reimbursement for rescue, cleanup and infrastructure repair costs, the net damage to the economy is likely to be at least $16 billion in lost economic output. "If third-party reimbursement is delayed or inadequate, or if New York lags behind the nation in recovery from the national recession, the loss could be far greater." The report estimates that 125,000 jobs would be lost in the fourth quarter of this year as a direct result of the attack. "While many of these jobs will return, New York City will still have a net loss of approximately 57,000 jobs attributable to the attack at the end of 2003," the partnership said in the report. The NYCP brought together a group of consultants and economists to help tally and evaluate how the attacks of Sept. 11 would impact the main drivers of the city's economy, especially the financial services industry. Consultancies including A.T. Kearney, Bain & Company, Booz Allen Hamilton, KPMG, McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group and PwC Consulting worked on the report. The group in turn worked with state agencies as well as the Federal Reserve Bank to cull economic data and provide assesssments of 14 separate private industry sectors. Not surprisingly, the study showed that lower Manhattan absorbed the greatest damage. In addition to the thousands of lives that were lost in the destruction of the World Trade Center, the downtown region lost 100,000 jobs along with close to 30 percent of office space in the wake of the attack. "This puts at risk many of the 270,000 jobs that are still located in the area south of Chambers Street." The financial services industry, which generates 24 percent of the city's $440 billion annual economic output and 14 percent of the city's tax revenue, was by the far the most impacted in the short term.

Professional Ethics and Civic Morals Essay

The role of the individual and its relationship to the state has been a matter of much sociological debate. Theorists in an array of varied fields such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, and politics have attempted to explain the correlation between the two. In this paper, I will concentrate on the role of individualism to an authoritarian or fascist political structure and how America’s ideals of intense individualism over the collective have led to a vulnerability to a totalitarian political regime. Using the work of Emile Durkheim on the idea of civic morals, i.e. the relationship of the individual to the State, as well as Amitai Etzioni’s study on particularistic obligations and Milgram’s views on obedience we will come to see that the definition of self in relation to the State plays an integral role on not only the individual’s role in the mechanics of the state but their subsequent obedience to the state system. In his work Professional Ethics and Civic Morals, Emile Durkheim explores the relationship of the individual to himself, his family, his profession, and finally his government. As he notes in his defining of the state, there has been since the beginning of civilization, as we know it a direct opposition between the political parties and their constituents. In this lies a division of power, those who wield the authority and those who submit to it. The state is defined as a spatial territory complete with its own customs and interests to which the political party should serve in view of a public good. In the United States, where the larger territory of the country is quite literally divided into semi-autonomous states which retain some control but answer to the federal government on other issues, there is a division of power that belies a partiality. With politics largely divided into two political categories Democrats and Republicans, there are limits and deviations from what the public good means. The American ideal of each individual voice having the power to influence policy and politics, while at the heart of the ideals of democracy, also tends to lead toward exclusionary and separatists policies that effect only a portion of a total population. In the name of the democratic process, Americans accept the results despite the fact that certain policies while acceptable and profitable for one portion of the population can have a detrimental effect on other factions stifle our voices. Durkheim notes that individuals are at the center of the development of any state society, whether it be artistic, economic or political. Without the individuals there can be not collective, however, the United States concentration on recognizing and using an individualist centered ideal of a collective leaves it vulnerable to the control of the collectiveness of a few over the many. Though it would seem that with the democratic structure of our election system and the multi-tiered mechanics of the law system that the United States would be immune to something such as fascism, in reality our system promotes much of the same individualist pandering seen in totalitarian societies. Americans do not always vote for the politics but rather individuals based on an array of factors including morality, religion, personal life/appearance, success with rhetoric, and the changing ethical landscape exemplified in changing attitudes towards science, religion, and race as well as other socio-political structures. Our election campaign process involves the polarizing of certain individual figureheads and not that of ideas, the ideas and policies become secondary in a society, which concentrates so completely on external signifiers. Aggravating the United States state of the pseudo-democratic process is a state of isolation that has been both promoted by the federal government during the Bush era and broken down into a more universalistic approach by Obama. However, at the heart of the patriotism that defines the country, there is a pride, which excludes others and promotes U.S. interests over that of a collective world society. This policy of patriotic isolationism leaves the U.S. particularly vulnerable to a totalitarian regime in that its interests stretch only to within its own borders. As Etzioni notes, â€Å"isolated people tend to be irrational, impulsive, and open to demagogical appeals and totalitarian movements. One could argue that these movements have risen only in societies and periods in which social integration has been greatly weakened† (590). Drawing on this concept, the lack of social cohesiveness following the September 11 attacks when the government suspended certain civil rights for certain people in the name of fighting terrorism, shows the power of a small portion of government to take effective and complete control over the lives of its people without a democratic or collective process. The rights that were stripped from all were done so in effect to stop an unknown number and an unknown contingent of society. That these restrictions affected the whole was of little consequence to the government and at first for a large part of American citizens who obeyed these without question. This is perhaps one of the most recent and poignant examples of the risks posed to the United States by a totalitarian/fascist government. Elsewhere in American history we can see similar instances where a minority of people (in the larger schema, though a large group themselves) having been oppressed and persecuted by a small group of government or political interests; think the Japanese Americans of World War II – the rhetoric of hate used to imprison them seemingly eerily familiar to the fascism of Hitler and Mussolini though hidden under the pretense of security. The conformity of the American people to government decisions that actually demoralize and depress an entire portion of individual peoples, shown through the nation’s history, have been both negative and positive. Bernard Bass in discussing Miligram’s conformity paradigm defines conformity as â€Å"behavior reflecting the successful influence of other persons† (38), wherein he shows that the definition of any successful government whether it be democratic or authoritarian relies on obedience, the difference between the two lies in the structure of the society and its beliefs on the individual’s political view point. Every state runs a risk of being overpowered and seized by an authoritarian regime; however, their overall success is contingent on the attitudes of the individuals who make up that state. In a communist controlled government such as China, where the ideals of socialist reform are extolled if not always practiced, the ground in dogma of the party would undermine the detrimental influence of a demagogic individual. However, in the United States where the individual is seen to have control over his own individual destiny which can be and is interwoven into the social fabric, the very ideals that give importance to the idea of the individual also make the country vulnerable to the control of such individuals. While the American government structure attempts to hedge itself against this danger by having a governing body broken into two major parts and limits on the executive branch’s control. But given the right set of circumstances such as terrorism and blind fear, the democratic power of the people can easily be superseded by the hands of only a few. Fear and intimidation work on many levels, some more subtle than others, all leading to an obedience and control, which are at the heart of a totalitarian authority. References Bass, B. (1961). â€Å"Conformity, Deviation, and a General Theory of Interpersonal Behavior.† Conformity and Deviation. Ed. I.A. Berg and B. Bass. New York: Harper and Brothers, pp. 38-101. Durkheim, E. (1992). Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. Ed. C. Brookfield. New York: Routledge. Etzioni, A. (Fall 2002) â€Å"Are Particularistic Obligations Justified? A Communitarian Justification.† The Review of Politics. 64 (4). pp. 573-598.